What is Kernicterus?
Kernicterus is an uncommon neurological condition that occurs in infants due to excessively high levels of bilirubin in the blood, known as hyperbilirubinemia. Bilirubin, a yellow pigment, is a byproduct of the body's normal process of breaking down red blood cells. Sometimes the liver cannot process bilirubin adequately, leading to its accumulation. This excess bilirubin can cause jaundice, characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin, eye whites, and mucous membranes under the tongue or in the gums.
The symptoms of kernicterus develop progressively and predominantly affect newborns. These symptoms include irritability, difficulty in feeding, and seizures. The condition can result in serious complications like hearing loss and permanent brain damage. If there are any noticeable changes in a newborn's behavior or appearance, it is crucial to seek prompt medical advice.
Healthcare providers may refer to kernicterus as "bilirubin encephalopathy."
Regarding its prevalence, jaundice is fairly common in newborns. Medical professionals actively monitor and manage newborn jaundice to reduce the risk of kernicterus, contributing to its rarity. While kernicterus primarily affects newborns, there are exceptional instances where it can affect adults.